Electrical conductivity
The table shows electric conductivity worths for the facets Na to Ar, relative to aluminium.
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| sodium | Na | 11 | 0.55 |
| magnesium | Mg | 12 | 0.61 |
| aluminium | Al | 13 | 1.00 |
| silicon | Si | 14 | 0.10 |
| phosphorus | P | 15 | 0 |
| sulfur | S | 16 | 0 |
| chlorine | Cl | 17 | 0 |
| argon | Ar | 18 | 0 |
Substances conduct power if castle contain charged particles that can move from ar to location when a potential distinction is applied.
The table give some information around different substances.
| metal | conduct as soon as solid or liquid |
| covalent substances | do not conduct (graphite is an exception) |
| ionic compounds | conduct when liquified or once liquid |
Description of trend
The graph shows how electric conductivity varies across duration 3.
There is a lot walk on in this graph, so the is often easier to division it right into three sections. The table listed below gives a brief summary of these sections.
| Na, Mg, Al | metal | metallic | conductivity boosts from Na to Al |
| Si | metalloid | giant covalent | conductivity much much less than Na, Mg and Al |
| P, S, Cl, Ar | non-metal | simple molecular(Ar is monatomic) | do not conduct electricity |
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Explanation the this trend
Sodium, magnesium and also aluminium
Sodium, magnesium and also aluminium room all metals. They have actually metallic bonding, in i beg your pardon the nuclei of steel atoms room attracted to delocalised electrons.
Going from sodium to aluminium:
the number of delocalised electrons boosts …there are an ext electrons that can move and carry charge with the structure…the electric conductivity increases.Silicon
Silicon has a huge covalent structure. That is a semiconductor, so the is not a great conductor or a good insulator.
Phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and argon
The remaining aspects in period 3 perform not command electricity. They have no cost-free electrons that can move around and also carry fee from location to place.
Metallic bonding is frequently incorrectly defined as the attraction in between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons. However, metals still consist of atoms, but the outer electrons room not linked with any particular atom.
In a comparable way, graphite (a non-metal) also has delocalised electrons. However, girlfriend don't view the idea that it consists of carbon ions.
The large lattice framework of silicon is comparable to that of diamond. Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other silicon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.
The atoms in molecule of phosphorus, sulfur and also chlorine are organized together through covalent bonds.
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